Creationism vs. Big Bang

Facts

Accelerating Inflation

The redshift of far-off starlight suggests an inflation. However, a big bang should produce only a gradual inflation than rapid inflation observed. Stretching, ended on the creation week, could have produced the speeded inflation that is exposed by the light that has finally touched Earth from the edge of the visible universe.

Star Development. Astronomers identify that the thickest gas cloud spotted in the universe could not form stars in whatsoever manner, including gravitational collapse, unless that gas was once thousands of times more dense. Apparently, stars were developed as, or before, the heavens were stretched out. 

Central Stars. Approximately forty stars are orbiting within a few dozen light-hours of the black hole at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. These stars could never have evolved that close to a black hole, which has the bulk of 4,000,000 suns. The black hole’s gravity would have stopped gas from disintegration to become a star.. However, those stars could have formed in a much denser environment, before space was stretched out on the creation week.

  

If spiral galaxies developed billions of years ago, their arms should be enveloped more firmly around their centers than they are. Likewise, closer galaxies should show much more “wrap” than farther spiral galaxies. Nevertheless, if space was recently stretched out, spiral galaxies could be perceptible as they do.

Heavy Elements in Stars

CREATIONIST

The stretching account clarifies that stars have had some heavier chemical elements. Telescopes that can see the farthest back in time perceive stars, galaxies, and quasars containing these heavier chemical elements.

EVOLUTIONIST

The big bang theory claims that there are three generations of stars, each with increasing amounts of heavy elements. The first generation would have held only hydrogen and helium.   After hundreds of millions of years, second-generation stars would start developing with heavier elements made inside first-generation stars that later erupted. Although some first-generation stars should still be perceptible, not one has ever been established.

Stellar Speeds

Stars in the external sections of spiral galaxies travel much quicker than they should based on physical laws. Nevertheless, if only thousands of years ago those stars were nearer the center of their galaxies before the heavens were stretched out, they could have had the higher speeds. These speeds would stay put even after the heavens were stretched out.

Speeding Galaxies. A comparable study can be made about tight clusters of galaxies. Galaxies in clusters travel much faster than they should, based on their distances from their clusters’ centers of mass.

Distant Galaxies

CREATIONIST

Massive galaxies and galaxy clusters are now discovered at such great distances that they must have formed soon after the universe began. The stretching explanation states that galaxies and galaxy clusters started before the heavens were stretched out, when all matter was relatively confined.

EVOLUTIONIST

The big bang theory cannot explain how such galaxy concentrations could have developed so hastily and so distant.

Strings of Galaxies. It is broadly recognized that gravity would not pull matter into long strings of hundreds or thousands of galaxies - even if the universe were incredibly ancient. Gravity acting over massive time and distances forms more spherical globs of matter. Yet, long, massive filaments of galaxies have been discovered.

These strings of galaxies can be comprehended if galaxies were developed when all matter in the universe was initially locked upd to a much smaller amount. (In that small amount, stars and galaxies formed either by the direct Divine Acts or by the powerful gravitational forces resulting from so much extremely confined mass.) Then, the heavens were speedily stretched out. Just as one might pull taffy into long strings, the stretched out heavens might hold long, massive strings of thousands of galaxies. A surprising number come into view connected or aligned with other galaxies or quasars, as prominent astronomers have recorded.

Star Streams.  Some stars within the Milky Way Galaxy are moving in paths and with velocities that exhibit they were captured from neighboring dwarf galaxies. The stars in every stream have common chemical characteristics too. These dwarf galaxies mostly have been totally “consumed” by the galaxy. However, one of them, Sagittarius, is still perceptible, but its orbit and its core of tightly packed stars are too far-off to be captured by the Milky Way’s gravity.

These can be enlightened in two ways: (1) before the universe was stretched out, Sagittarius and the consumed dwarfs were formed but much closer to the initial Milky Way Galaxy, or (2) dark matter (if it exists at all) was spread out in unknown process that formed these dwarf galaxies and placed them in different orbits that allowed them to be captured and disassembled by the Milky Way Galaxy. Between the two, hypothesis (1) is the uncomplicated.

Dwarf Galaxies. These are occasionally embedded in a smoothly rotating disk of hydrogen gas that is much larger than the galaxy itself. The mass, hidden or otherwise, of each dwarf galaxy and its surrounding gas is insufficient to pull the gas into its disk shape, however, if this matter was once extremely concentrated and the space it occupied was recently stretched out, all perceived characteristics would be explained.  

Dwarf Galaxy. An enormous hydrogen disk (blue) encloses the dwarf galaxy UGC 5288 (bright white). This secluded galaxy, 16 million light-years from earth, holds about 100,000 stars and is 1/25 the diameter of the Milky Way Galaxy, which has at least 100,000,000,000 stars. The dwarf’s mass is about 30 times too small to gravitationally hold onto the most far-flung hydrogen gas, so gravity could not have pulled the far-off hydrogen gas into its disk. Because the gas is too uniformly distributed and rotates so smoothly, it was not expelled from the galaxy or pulled out by a close encounter with another galaxy. 

Hydrogen gas would have assumed this form (as illustrated in the image above) if space was once more dense and was stretched out after. Before the stretching, gravitational forces would have been much more dominant, thereby creating this smooth rotational precedent. This would have happened recently, because the gaseous disk has not dispersed into the vacuum of space. (The galaxy is perceived in visible light while the hydrogen disk is by a fleet of 27 radio telescopes.)

Colliding Galaxies. Some galaxies hold two diverse rotating systems, as if a galaxy rotating one way collided with another rotating the opposite manner. Based on the velocities of galaxies perceived and their separation distances today, such union would take billions of years.

This means that the universe is not billions of years old. Before the heavens were stretched out, galaxies would have been nearer to each other, resulting in much larger velocities and regular collisions. Today according to astronomers’ calculations, galaxies are stretched too distant apart so collisions should rarely happen. However, past galactic unions are surprisingly common.

The mergings of some galaxies did not occur billions of years ago because the different rotations within a merged galaxy have not homogenized by now. 

With all the above-mentioned rationalization from the astronomers' expertise and findings provides major implication that, in the beginning God created the heavens and the earth."(Genesis 1:1) The Bible starts with these fervent words. The profession of faith takes them up when it professes that God the Father almighty is "Creator of heaven and earth" (Apostles' Creed), "of all that is, seen and unseen" (Nicene Creed). The church teaches to speak first of the Creator, then of creation and finally of the fall into sin from which Jesus Christ, the Son of God, descended to save humanity to restore its goodness.

Creation is the groundwork of "all God's plan of salvation," the "starting point of the salvation history" that ends in Christ. On the other hand, the mystery of Christ sheds irrefutable light on the mystery of creation and exposes the end for which "in the beginning God created the heavens and the earth": from the beginning, God visualized the glory of the new creation in Christ. (Romans 8:18-23) 

If noticed on the readings of the Easter Vigil, the celebration of the new creation in Christ, start with the creation account; also in the Byzantine liturgy, the account of creation constantly comprises the first reading at the vigils of the great feasts of the Lord. Based on ancient witnesses the instruction of catechumens for Baptism abide to the same line up.

Creation is the foundations of human and Christian life: for it makes clear the response of the Christian faith to the basic question that men of all times ask about the origin of everything both visible and invisible and his/her destiny. The questions about the origin and the end are inseparable. They are significant for the meaning and direction of human’s life and actions.

The origins of the world and of man has been the object of many scientific studies which have marvelously nourished our knowledge of the age and dimensions of the cosmos, the development of life-forms and man’s appearance. These discoveries admire us all the more for the greatness of the Creator which stimulates us to thank Him for all His works and for the understanding and wisdom He bestow to scholars and researchers. With Solomon they can say: " For he gave me sound knowledge of existing things, that I might know the organization of the universe and the force of its elements, The beginning and the end and the midpoint of times, the changes in the sun's course and the variations of the seasons. Cycles of years, positions of the stars, natures of animals, tempers of beasts, Powers of the winds and thoughts of men, uses of plants and virtues of roots - Such things as are hidden I learned and such as are plain; for Wisdom, the artificer of all, taught me. For in her is a spirit intelligent, holy, unique, Manifold, subtle, agile, clear, unstained, certain, Not baneful, loving the good, keen, unhampered, beneficent (Wisdom 7:17-22).

Is the universe dominated by chance, blind destiny, unknown need, or by an awe-inspiring, all-knowing and good Being called "God"? If the world does come from God's wisdom and righteousness, why is there evil? Where does it origin? Who is accountable for it? Is there any deliverance from this?

Ancient religions and cultures generated several myths regarding origins. Some philosophers have asserted that everything is God, that the world is God, or that the world’s development is the development of God (Pantheism). Others claimed that the world is a necessary giving off evolving from God and returning to Him. Still others have insisted the existence of two eternal principles, Good and Evil, Light and Darkness, locked, in permanent conflict (Dualism), (Manichaeism). According to some of these perceptions, the world (at least the physical world) is evil, the product of a fall, and is thus to be rejected or left behind (Gnosticism). Some disclose that the world was made by God, but as by a watch-maker who, once He has made a watch, abandons it to itself (Deism). Finally, others refuse any awe-inspiring origin for the world, but perceive it simply as the interaction of matter that has constantly subsist (Materialism). All these attempts bear witness to the solidity and wide-range of the question of origins, which are typically human.

Human intelligence is definitely capable of looking for a response with regards to origins. The existence of God the Creator can be identified with firmness through His works, by the illumination of man’s reason, even if this knowledge is frequently concealed and flawed by mistake. That is why faith rolls up to substantiate and enlighten reason in the truthful comprehension of this reality: "By faith we understand that the world was created by the word of God, so that what is seen was made out of things which do not appear." (Hebrew 11:3). Beyond the natural knowledge that man can have of the Creator, (Acts 17:24-29; brought Israel out of Egypt, and who by selecting Israel created and formed it, this same God reveals Himself as the One to whom belong all the peoples of the earth, and the whole earth itself; he is the One who alone "made heaven and earth". (Isaiah 43:1;  Psalm 115:15;  124:8; 134:3).

Thus the exposition of creation is indivisible from the exposition and forming of the covenant of the one God with His People. Creation is exposed as the first step towards this covenant, the first and universal witness to God's all-powerful love. (Genesis 15:5); Jeremiah 33:19-26)  The truth of creation is likewise expressed with increasing dynamism in the message of the prophets, the prayer of the psalms and the liturgy, and in the wisdom sayings of the Chosen People. (Isaiah 44:24; Psalm 104; Proverbs 8:22-31) 

The first three chapters of Genesis occupy a unique place about creation. From a literary standpoint these texts may have had varied sources. The inspired authors have positioned them at the start of Scripture to articulate in their solemn words the realities of creation - its beginning and its end in God, its sequence and righteousness, man’s vocation, and finally the tragedy of sin and the hope of deliverance. Creation, fall, and promise of salvation remain the principal source for catechesis on the mysteries of the "beginning," in the light of Christ, within the unity of Sacred Scripture and in the living Tradition of the Church.

" In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things came to be through him, and without him nothing came to be. (John 1:1-3) The New Testament exposes that God created everything by the eternal Word, His beloved Son. In Him " For in Him were created all things in heaven and on earth, the visible and the invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers; all things were created through Him and for Him. He is before all things, and in Him all things hold together. (Colossians 1:16-17). The Church's faith also professes the creative action of the Holy Spirit, the "giver of life", "the Creator Spirit," the "source of every good.

The Old Testament suggests and the New Covenant exposes the creative action of the Son and the Spirit, (Psalm 33:6; 104:30; Genesis 1:2-3) indivisibly one with that of the Father.

  

The First Vatican Council enlightens that the one, true God, of His own goodness and "almighty power", not for amplifying His own beatitude, nor for achieving His perfection, but to manifest this perfection through the benefits which He gives to the creatures, with total liberty of counsel "and from the beginning of time, made out of nothing both orders of creatures, the spiritual and the physical.

The definitive reason of creation is that God "who is the creator of all things may at last become "all in all", thus simultaneously ensure His own glory and our beatitude."(1 Corinthian 15:28)


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